The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence

Veljko Jovanovic, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Maksim Rudnev, University of Waterloo, Canada
Mohamed Abdelrahman, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Qatar
Nor Bayah Abdul Kadir, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Damilola Fisayo Adebayo, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria
Plamen Akaliyski, Lingnan University, Hong Kong
Yousuf Abdulqader Alkamali, Syrian Private University, Syrian Arab Republic
Luz Marina Alonso Palacio, Mohamed Bin Zayed University for Humanities, United Arab Emirates
Azzam Amin, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Qatar
Andrii Andres, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
John Jamir Benzon Aruta, De La Salle University, Philippines
Hrant M Avanesyan, Yerevan State University, Armenia
Norzihan Ayub, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
Maria Bacikova-Sleskova, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Slovakia
Raushan Baikanova, Astana Medical University, Kazakhstan
Batoul Bakkar, Syrian Private University, Syrian Arab Republic
Suncica Bartoluci, University of Zagreb, Croatia
David Benitez, Albizu University, United States
Ivanna Bodnar, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Ukraine
Aidos Bolatov, Astana Medical University, Kazakhstan
Judyta Borchet, University of Gdańsk, Poland
Ksenija Bosnar, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Yunier Broche-Perez, Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas, Cuba
Carmen Buzea, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Rosalinda Cassibba, University of Bari, Italy
Maria Del Pilar Grazioso, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala
Sandesh Dhakal, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
Radosveta Dimitrova, Stockholm University, Sweden
Alejandra Dominguez, Ibero-American University, Mexico
Cong Doanh Duong, National Economics University, Viet Nam
Luciana Dutra Thome, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
Arune Joao Estavela, Universidade Lurio, Mozambique
Emmanuel Abiodun Fayankinnu, Islamic University in Uganda, Uganda
Nelli Ferenczi, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
Regina Fernandez-Morales, Universidad Rafael Landívar, Guatemala
Maria-Therese Friehs, FernUniversitat in Hagen, Germany
Jorge Gaete, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
Wassim Gharz Edine, Syrian Private University, Syrian Arab Republic
Shahar Gindi, Beit Berl College, Israel
Rubia Carla Formighieri Giordani, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
Biljana Gjoneska, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, North Macedonia
Juan Carlos Godoy, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas, Argentina
Camellia Doncheva Hancheva, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgaria
Given Hapunda, University of Zambia, Zambia
Shogo Hihara, Matsuyama University, Japan
Md Saiful Islam, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh
Anna Janovska, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Slovakia
Nino Javakhishvili, Dimitri Uznadze Institute of Psychology, Ilia State University, Georgia
Russell Sarwar Kabir, Hiroshima University, Japan
Amir Kabunga, Lira University, Uganda
Arzu Karakulak, MEF University, Turkey
Johannes Alfons Karl, Dublin City University, Ireland
Darko Katovic, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Kazakhstan
Zhumaly Kauyzbay, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India
Maria Kazmierczak, University of Gdansk, Poland
Richa Khanna, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India
Meetu Khosla, University of Delhi, India
Peter Kisaakye, Makerere University, Uganda
Martina Klicperova-Baker, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
Richman Kokera, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
Ana Kozina, Educational Research Institute, Slovenia
Steven E Krauss, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Rodrigo Landabur, University of Atacama, Chile
Katharina Lefringhausen, Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom
Aleksandra Lewandowska-Walter, University of Gdansk, Poland
Yun-Hsia Liang, University of Taipei, Taiwan
Danny Lizarzaburu-Aguinaga, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Peru
Lorena Cecilia Lopez Steinmetz, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas
Ana Makashvili, Ilia State University, Georgia
Sadia Malik, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
Denisse Manrique-Millones, Universidad Científica del Sur, Peru
Marta Martín-Carbonell, Cooperative University of Colombia, Colombia
Maria Angela Mattar Yunes, Salgado de Oliveira University, Brazil
Breeda McGrath, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, United States
Enkeleint A Mechili, University of Vlora, Albania
Marines Mejia Alvarez, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
Samson Mhizha, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
Justyna Michalek-Kwiecien, University of Gdansk, Poland
Sushanta Kumar Mishra, Indian Institute of Management BangaloreFollow
Mahdi Mohammadi, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Fatema Mohsen, Syrian Private University, Syrian Arab Republic
Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera, Syrian Private University, Syrian Arab Republic
Maria D Muradyan, Yerevan State University, Armenia
Pasquale Musso, University of Bari, Italy
Andrej Naterer, University of Maribor, Slovenia
Arash Nemat, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Afghanistan
Felix Neto, University of Porto, Portugal
Joana Neto, Universidade Portucalense, Portugal
Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Carlos Ivan Orellana, Don Bosco University, El Salvador
Ligia Orellana, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
Joonha Park, Nagoya University of Commerce and Business, Japan
Iuliia Pavlova, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Ukraine
Eddy Alfonso Peralta, Medicine School, Mother and Teacher Pontifical Catholic University, Dominican Republic
Petro Petrytsa, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ukraine
Rasa Pilkauskaite Valickiene, Mykolas Romeris University, Lithuania
Sasa Pisot, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Center Koper, Slovenia
Iva Polackova Solcova, Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
Franjo Prot, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Gordana Ristevska Dimitrovska, University St. Kliment Ohridski Bitola, North Macedonia
Rita M Rivera, Albizu University, United States
Benedicta Prihatin Dwi Riyanti, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Mohd Saiful Husain Saiful, University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Adil Samekin, Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Kazakhstan
Telman Seisembekov, Astana Medical University, Kazakhstan
Danielius Serapinas, Mykolas Romeris University, Lithuania
Zahra Sharafi, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Prerna Sharma, Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences, India
Shanu Shukla, Indian Institute of Management Indore
Fabiola Silletti, University of Bari, Italy
Katarzyna Skrzypinska, University of Gdansk, Poland
Vanessa Smith-Castro, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica
Olga Solomontos-Kountouri, Theological School, Church of Cyprus, Cyprus
Adrian Stanciu, GESIS-Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany
Delia Stefenel, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania
Maria Stogianni, Tilburg University, Netherlands
Jaimee Stuart, Griffith University, Australia
Laura Francisca Sudarnoto, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Mst Sadia Sultana, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh
Dijana Sulejmanovic, University of Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Angela Oktavia Suryani, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Ergyul Tair, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
Lucy Tavitian-Elmadjian, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Haigazian University, Lebanon
Fitim Uka, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, Serbia
Guilherme Welter Wendt, Western Parana State University, Brazil
Pei-Jung Yang, National Chengchi University, Taiwan
Ebrar Yıldırım, Yeditepe University, Turkey
Yue Yu, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Psychological assessment

Abstract

Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries (Ntotal = 21,513), we examined the CAS's measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) scales. We utilized both conventional exact invariance tests and alignment procedures, with results revealing that the single-factor model fit the data well in almost all countries. Partial scalar invariance was supported in a subset of 56 countries. To ensure the robustness of results, given the unbalanced samples, we employed resampling techniques both with and without replacement and found the results were more stable in larger samples. The alignment procedure demonstrated a high degree of measurement invariance with 9% of the parameters exhibiting noninvariance. We also conducted simulations of alignment using the parameters estimated in the current model. Findings demonstrated reliability of the means but indicated challenges in estimating the latent variances. Strong positive correlations between CAS and FCV-19S estimated with all three different approaches were found in most countries. Correlations of CAS and SWLS-3 were weak and negative but significantly differed from zero in several countries. Overall, the study provided support for the measurement invariance of the CAS and offered evidence of its convergent validity while also highlighting issues with variance estimation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Publication Date

1-3-2024

Publisher

American Psychological Association

Volume

Vol.36

Issue

Iss.1

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